Casharka 12aad

 Habdhiska taranka ee dumarka iyo Uureyda(Obstetrics).


Casharka 12aad


Isbeddelka habdhiska difaaca jirka xilliga uurka.


Nidaamka difaaca jirka waa habka uu jirku isaga difaaco caabuqyada (bakteeriyada, fayrasyada, iwm).


Marka haweeneydu ay uur leedahay, jirkeedu wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu aqbalo ilmaha ku koraya ilmagaleenkeeda, in kasta oo uu ilmuhu leeyahay nuska hiddo-sidaha Aabbaha. Caadiyan nidaamka difaaca jirka wuxuu weeraraa wax kasta oo qalaad ee jirka soo gala. Si taas looga hortago, jirku wuxuu sameeyaa isbeddello difaac oo gaar ah xilligan.


Sababta Isbeddellada Difaaca Jirka u dhaco xilliga uurka?


Ilmaha caloosha ku jira  difaaca waxa uu u arkayaa wax qalaad oo jirka cadow ku ah, si difaaca hooyada aanu u weerarin uurjiifka, nidaamka difaaca hooyada waxaa loo baahanayaa in wax laga beddelo. Si uu u aqbalo uurjiifka.Isbeddelladani ma aha in nidaamka difaacu gabi ahaanba uu yaraanayo, laakiin waa in uu noqdo mid   oggolaanaya koritaanka ilmaha isla markaana uu la dagaallami karo caabuqyada.


Isbeddellada Ugu Muhiimsan ee Dhaca.


1. Isbeddelka unugyada difaaca (T Cells)


Waxaa yaraada unugyada Th1 (kuwooda la dagaalama caabuqyada badan).Waxaa bata unugyada Th2 (kuwooda xasiliya difaaca si aysan u dhaawicin ilmaha).Waxaa kaloo kordha unugyada la yiraahdo unugyada nifaamiya(T-regulatory cells (Tregs) oo shaqadoodu tahay inay hoos u dhigaan weerarka difaaca jirka.


2. Unugyada Dabiiciga ah  (Natural Killer Cells)


Waxaa kordha NK cells gaar ah oo ku jira xuubka ilma-galeenka (decidua).

Kuwani ma aha kuwo wax dila, balse waxay gacan ka geystaan samaysanka mandheerta (placenta) iyo nafaqo siinta uurjiifka.


3. Isbeddellada muujiyayaasha hafeefka(Cytokines).


Cytokines waa kiimikooyin yaryar oo nidaamka difaacu adeegsado.

Isbeddelkoodu wuxuu ku xiran yahay xilliga uurka:


1:Seddexda bil ee horre:  waxa la soo daynayaa kiimikooyin badan si markaasi kaalin uga gaystaan hirgalka uurjiifka. Iyo sameysanka mandheerta.


2:Seddexda bil ee dhexe: waxa bata lidiga hafeefka kiimikooyinkiisa, waxay ka qeyb qaataan koritaanka uurjiirka.


3:Seddexda bil ee dambe: waxay noqdaan kuwa kordha, si ay kaga qeyb qaataan foosha ama dhalmada.


4. Unugyada  B (Cells) iyo lid jidh galaha( Antibodies)


Soo-saaridda lid jidh galaha(antibodies) way yaraadaan ama wax isbeddel ah kuma yimaado.

Laakiin IgG antibody waxaa uu si toos ah ugu gudbaa ilmaha, taasoo ilmaha uu siinaysa difaac. 


5. Hooyada uurka leh waxay u nuglaaneysaa caabuqyada qaar.

Hooyada waxay si xooggan ugu nugushahay caabuqyada qaar(e.g., influenza, listeriosis, COVID-19), taasoo ugu wacan isbeddelka difaaca jirka ku yimid.


Tixraacyo:


1. Abrahams, V. M., et al. (2004). "The role of the immune system in pregnancy." American Journal of Reproductive Immunology.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14962452


2. Mor, G., & Cardenas, I. (2010). "The immune system in pregnancy: a unique complexity." American Journal of Reproductive Immunology.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00836.x


3. Medscape – Maternal Immune System Adaptation in Pregnancy:

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/259206-overview


4. Amboss – Immunological adaptations in pregnancy

https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Physiological_changes_in_pregnancy


5. Mayo Clinic – Pregnancy and Immune System

https://www.mayoclinic.org


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